Osteoarthritis (OA), also known as degenerative joint disease, is a leading cause of pain, inactivity, disability worldwide. It is a chronic condition that causes the breakdown of cartilage in joints, leading to pain, stiffness, and decreased mobility. While there is no cure for osteoarthritis, physiotherapy can be an effective way to manage the symptoms and improve overall quality of life.
Physiotherapy involves a variety of techniques aimed at improving joint function and reducing pain. It is a holistic approach that takes into account the individual needs and goals of each client. The following are some of the ways in which physiotherapy can help those with osteoarthritis:
Exercise therapy is one of the mainstays of physiotherapy for osteoarthritis. It involves performing exercises to improve joint mobility, strength, and endurance. Exercises can be tailored to each client's specific needs and abilities. They may include range-of-motion exercises, resistance exercises, or aerobic exercise. Increasing evidence now shows that exercise training can improve pain, stiffness, joint dysfunction, muscle weakness, general function, performance, and quality of life in people with OA.
Manual therapy involves hands-on techniques to improve joint mobility and reduce pain. This may include joint mobilization or manipulation, soft tissue mobilization, or massage. Manual therapy can be especially beneficial for those with OA in the spine, hips, or knees.
Education and lifestyle modification are important components of physiotherapy for OA. Clients can learn strategies to manage their symptoms, such as pacing activities, using assistive devices, and modifying their environment to reduce stress on their joints. They can also learn about nutrition and weight management, which can have a significant impact on the progression of OA.
Physiotherapy for OA is a collaborative effort between the physiotherapist and the client. The therapist works closely with the client to develop a treatment plan that addresses their individual needs and goals. It is important for clients to be active participants in their treatment, adhering to the exercise program and lifestyle modifications recommended by their physiotherapist.
In conclusion, osteoarthritis is a chronic condition that can significantly impact quality of life. While there is no cure, physiotherapy can be an effective way to manage symptoms and improve joint function. Exercise therapy, manual therapy, education and lifestyle modification, are all techniques that can be used in a comprehensive treatment plan. If you are struggling with osteoarthritis, speak to your doctor or come see us to discuss how physiotherapy may be able to help you.
References
Goh, S. L., Persson, M. S., Stocks, J., Hou, Y., Lin, J., Hall, M. C., ... & Zhang, W. (2019). Efficacy and potential determinants of exercise therapy in knee and hip osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of physical and rehabilitation medicine, 62(5), 356-365.
Whittaker, J. L., Truong, L. K., Dhiman, K., & Beck, C. (2021). Osteoarthritis year in review 2020: rehabilitation and outcomes. Osteoarthritis and cartilage, 29(2), 190-207.
Zeng, C. Y., Zhang, Z. R., Tang, Z. M., & Hua, F. Z. (2021). Benefits and mechanisms of exercise training for knee osteoarthritis. Frontiers in physiology, 12, 2267.